Skip to content
FonteumThe Graph

The capability layer

APIREST + bulk accessMCP serverCallable by AI agentsFHIR R4 APIBulk exportAttestation & audit packReconciliationSource-vs-source diffsEntity graphSnapshotsPoint-in-time, bitemporal

By use case

Exclusion & sanctions screeningCredentialing & provider-data enrichmentAudit evidence & defensible programsProvider data for AI / RAGM&A & network diligence

By buyer

Compliance & riskDevelopers & AI teams

The differentiator

Coverage & sourcesThe catalogFreshnessMethodologyCare CompareFacility qualityBrowse all datasets →
Research

The dev on-ramp

DocsAPI referenceMCPQuickstartStatusChangelogSDKs & integrations
Pricing
Sign inTry the FHIR sandbox →Request access →

Platform

APIMCP serverFHIR R4 APIBulk exportAttestation & audit packReconciliationEntity graphSnapshots

Solutions

Exclusion & sanctions screeningCredentialing & provider-data enrichmentAudit evidence & defensible programsProvider data for AI / RAGM&A & network diligenceCompliance & riskDevelopers & AI teams

Data

Coverage & sourcesFreshnessMethodologyCare CompareBrowse all datasets →
Research

Developers

DocsAPI referenceMCPQuickstartStatusChangelogSDKs & integrations
Pricing
Sign inTry the FHIR sandbox →Request access →
  1. Fonteum
  2. /
  3. Glossary
  4. /
  5. NPPES
Healthcare Data GlossaryData Standards

NPPES: Definition and Healthcare Context

Full name: National Plan and Provider Enumeration System

The National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES) is the CMS database that assigns and maintains National Provider Identifiers. Health care providers apply for NPIs through NPPES, which collects provider names, practice locations, and taxonomy codes. NPPES data is publicly downloadable as a monthly bulk file and is also accessible through the NPI Registry API. The system enumerates both individual providers (Type 1 NPI) and organizations (Type 2 NPI) across all U.S. health care settings.

Last updated: 2026-06-17Reviewed by: Dr. Jennifer Montecillo, MD — Gullas College of Medicine, 2019. Non-practicing medical reviewer.

How it’s used

  • CMS NPPES NPI Registry: the NPPES bulk download is Fonteum's primary source for provider identifiers, addresses, taxonomy codes, and enumeration dates.
  • CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment: PECOS records are joined to NPPES via NPI to link enrollment status to provider demographics.
  • CMS QPP MIPS: NPI-level MIPS scores from QPP are enriched with taxonomy and specialty data sourced from NPPES.

Frequently asked questions

What does NPPES stand for?
NPPES stands for National Plan and Provider Enumeration System — the CMS database that assigns and maintains National Provider Identifiers.
Is NPPES data public?
Yes. CMS publishes the full NPPES dataset as a monthly bulk download at no cost, containing all active NPI records.
What information does NPPES contain?
NPPES records include provider name, practice address, mailing address, taxonomy codes, NPI type, enumeration date, and deactivation date.

Related terms

  • NPI Number
  • Type 1 NPI
  • Type 2 NPI
  • Taxonomy Code
  • NUCC
  • PECOS
  • Entity Resolution
  • Bitemporal

Explore in Fonteum

How Fonteum sources, resolves, and publishes data tied to this term.

  • DataNPPES provider dataset
  • PlatformPoint-in-time provider snapshots
  • PlatformProvider data API
  • StudyWho is enrolled in Medicare (PECOS analysis)

Authoritative sources

  • NPPES NPI Registry — official↗
  • CMS NPPES bulk data download↗
  • CMS: NPPES overview↗
← All glossary terms

The substrate, by the numbers

44federal source familiesDistinct CMS, OIG, HRSA, FDA and peer datasets
35dataset pagesCitable, downloadable /data catalog pages
65reproducible studiesEach shipping the SQL behind its figures

Built on the authoritative federal record

The primary sources, named on every page.

These are the federal agencies whose public datasets Fonteum ingests and attributes — the issuing authorities, not customers or partners. Every figure on the site links back to one of them.

  • CMS
  • HHS-OIG
  • HRSA
  • FDA
  • NLM
  • NUCC
  • Census
  • BLS
  • BEA

See the full source registry, with license and refresh cadence for each →

Reproducible by design

Every figure traces to its federal source.

14-tuple provenance

Every rendered fact ties to a source URL, dataset ID, snapshot date, row key, and SHA-256 — the full chain-of-custody record.

Reproducible SQL

Each study ships the exact query behind its figures, run against the cited federal snapshot. Re-run it yourself.

Daily reconciliation

Published counts are reconciled against the upstream federal datasets on a daily cadence, with drift logged.

Named medical review

Reviewed by Jennifer Montecillo, MD, medical reviewer. Non-practicing medical reviewer.

Read the full provenance and attestation methodology →

Two doors

Use the free API and open data

Query providers, facilities, sanctions, and quality scores — each field carrying its federal source. Self-serve, no call to start.

Explore the API →Browse the data catalog →

Talk to us

Managed pilots, enterprise terms, and audit-ready, signed attestation packages for compliance, risk, and research teams.

Talk to us →
Fonteum
Platform
Platform overviewAPIMCP serverFHIR R4 APIBulk exportAttestation & audit packReconciliationEntity graphSnapshots
Solutions
All solutionsExclusion & sanctions screeningCredentialing & enrichmentAudit evidenceProvider data for AI / RAGM&A & network diligenceCompliance & riskDevelopers & AI teams
Data & sources
Coverage & sourcesBrowse all datasetsFreshnessMethodologyCare CompareSanctionsOwnershipStaffingDeficienciesSpecial Focus Facilities
Developers
Developer hubDocsAPI referenceQuickstartStatusChangelogSDKs & integrationsWebhooks
Research
Research hubGlossaryComparisonsCitationsWhy Fonteum
Company
AboutPressCustomersPricingContactEditorial policyCorrections
Trust & legal
TrustQualitySecurityPrivacy policyTerms of serviceMedical disclaimer

Reviewed by Jennifer Montecillo, MD, medical reviewer. Non-practicing medical reviewer.

© 2026 Fonteum LLC. All rights reserved.

·hello@fonteum.com

The U.S. healthcare graph AI can cite — every fact carries its source.

Request access→